Kenya tendered up to $350 million 8% 2032 notes and $150 million 7.25% 2028 notes, using proceeds from successive 2024/2025 eurobonds and novel $1 billion US DFC debt-for-food swap (Dec 2025). Côte d’Ivoire’s issue followed; Cameroon preps $1.05 billion post-Jan $750 million success.
Republic of Congo tapped at 11.625% (vs 13.7% Nov), DRC readies $750 million debut April, Angola up to $1.7 billion sale plus $1.4 billion debt-for-health swap.
Alliance of Sahel States drew capital sans regional bodies: IMF approved $91 million Niger post-reviews (6.7% 2026 growth via oil/agri), Burkina Faso passed review unlocking $33.2 million immediate/$124.3 million 18-month RSF (near-5% growth, sub-target inflation despite insecurity/poverty/climate).
Mali extended Barrick Mining’s Loulo-Gounkoto gold license 10 years, resolving 2-year dispute; Barrick pays ~$430 million regaining control of major African gold operation.